fosfoanhydridi

Fosfoanhydridi, also known as phosphoanhydride, refers to a class of chemical compounds containing at least one anhydride linkage between phosphorus atoms. This linkage is characterized by a P-O-P bond, where an oxygen atom bridges two phosphorus atoms. These bonds are typically formed by the removal of water from two phosphate groups.

The most biologically relevant examples of fosfoanhydridi are the high-energy phosphate compounds found in living organisms, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP). In these molecules, the fosfoanhydride bonds store a significant amount of free energy that can be released upon hydrolysis, powering various cellular processes. The breakdown of a fosfoanhydride bond typically releases approximately 30.5 kJ/mol of energy.

Inorganic polyphosphates, which are chains of phosphate units linked by fosfoanhydride bonds, are also considered fosfoanhydridi. These compounds have diverse roles, including energy storage in bacteria and as components in bone and teeth. The synthesis and hydrolysis of fosfoanhydride bonds are crucial enzymatic reactions in metabolism, regulated by enzymes such as ATP synthase and various hydrolases. The stability of these bonds is influenced by factors like the surrounding chemical environment and the presence of specific ions.