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Formic acid, also known as methanoic acid, is a simple carboxylic acid with the chemical formula HCOOH. It is the simplest carboxylic acid, where the carboxyl group (-COOH) is directly attached to a hydrogen atom. Formic acid is a colorless liquid that is miscible with water and has a pungent, piercing odor. It is naturally produced by ants and some plants, and is also found in some foods like rhubarb and honey.

Formic acid is commonly used in various industries. In the textile industry, it is used as a reducing agent in dyeing processes. In the leather tanning industry, it is used to remove hair from hides. In the chemical industry, it is used as a precursor to other chemicals, such as formamide and formic esters. It is also used in the production of insecticides and as a preservative in food and pharmaceuticals.

Formic acid is mildly corrosive and can cause skin and eye irritation. It is also toxic if ingested or inhaled. Proper safety measures, such as wearing protective gloves and eyewear, should be taken when handling formic acid. It is important to store formic acid in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances, such as strong oxidizing agents.