formalinë

Formalin is a solution commonly used for preserving biological specimens and as a disinfectant. It is primarily composed of formaldehyde, a gas, dissolved in water, usually with a small amount of methanol added to prevent polymerization of the formaldehyde. The concentration of formaldehyde in formalin typically ranges from 37% to 40% by weight.

Formaldehyde is a highly reactive chemical that works by cross-linking proteins within tissues. This process denatures proteins and prevents the enzymatic and bacterial degradation that would otherwise cause decomposition. This makes formalin an effective agent for fixing tissues in a life-like state, which is crucial for histological studies and anatomical preservation.

Beyond preservation, formalin is also utilized for its antimicrobial properties. Its ability to kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi makes it useful in sterilizing medical equipment and in some industrial applications. However, formalin is also a hazardous substance. It is a known irritant to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure or inhalation of formaldehyde vapors can lead to more serious health issues, including respiratory problems and an increased risk of certain cancers. Due to these risks, strict safety precautions, including adequate ventilation and personal protective equipment, are necessary when handling formalin.