fissões

Fissões, also known as nuclear fission, is a nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts, releasing a large amount of energy. This process is the basis for nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons. Fission typically occurs in heavy elements such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239. When a neutron collides with the nucleus of one of these atoms, it causes the nucleus to become unstable and split into two smaller nuclei, along with a few neutrons and a significant amount of energy.

The energy released during fission can be harnessed to generate heat, which is then used to produce steam and drive turbines to generate electricity in nuclear power plants. The neutrons released during the fission process can go on to cause further fission in other atoms, creating a chain reaction. This chain reaction can be controlled to sustain a steady energy output or allowed to proceed uncontrolled, as in the case of a nuclear explosion.

Fission also produces radioactive waste, which remains hazardous for thousands of years. The management and disposal of this waste is a significant challenge in the field of nuclear energy. Additionally, the risk of nuclear accidents, such as the Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters, highlights the potential dangers associated with fission reactions.

Despite these challenges, nuclear fission remains a crucial source of low-carbon energy, contributing to the global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. Ongoing research aims to improve the safety, efficiency, and waste management aspects of nuclear fission technology.