filagrina

Filaggrin is a key structural protein found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Its primary role is to bind to keratin filaments, helping to aggregate them into macrofibrils. This process is crucial for the formation and integrity of the cornified envelope, a tough outer layer of flattened cells that provides a barrier against environmental factors. Filaggrin is also involved in skin hydration by releasing amino acids, which act as natural moisturizing factors, as it breaks down.

Mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin (FLG) are strongly associated with a predisposition to atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema. These mutations can lead to a compromised skin barrier, making the skin more susceptible to irritants, allergens, and water loss. This increased permeability allows for easier penetration of allergens, triggering inflammatory responses and the characteristic itchy, red, and dry patches of eczema. Consequently, filaggrin deficiency is considered a major risk factor for developing this common skin condition, as well as other allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, forming the "atopic march." Research continues to explore the precise mechanisms by which filaggrin dysfunction contributes to skin barrier defects and allergic sensitization.