fermantaatio
Fermentaatio is the metabolic process by which microorganisms convert sugars and other organic substrates into energy and various end products, typically under anaerobic or low-oxygen conditions. It plays a central role in food and beverage production, agriculture, and industrial biotechnology. The Finnish standard term is fermentaatio; the spelling "fermantaatio" is a common misspelling.
Major types include alcoholic fermentation (yeasts producing ethanol and CO2), lactic acid fermentation (lactic acid bacteria
Key organisms include Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) for alcoholic fermentation; Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc species for lactic
Applications range from bread, beer, wine, yogurt, sauerkraut, and soy sauce to industrial production of enzymes,