fehérjeszintézisnek

Fehérjeszintézis, often translated as protein synthesis, is the fundamental biological process by which cells construct proteins. This complex mechanism is crucial for virtually all life functions, as proteins are the workhorses of the cell, carrying out a vast array of tasks. The process begins in the nucleus, where genetic information is transcribed from DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA molecule then travels out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, to specialized cellular machinery called ribosomes.

Ribosomes are the sites of translation, the second major stage of protein synthesis. Here, the genetic code carried by the mRNA is read in three-nucleotide sequences called codons. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, each carrying a specific amino acid and possessing an anticodon that complements an mRNA codon, deliver the correct amino acids to the ribosome. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, it catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between the sequentially delivered amino acids, creating a growing polypeptide chain. This polypeptide chain then folds into a specific three-dimensional structure, which determines its function. This intricate process ensures that the correct proteins are produced in the right amounts, maintaining cellular health and organismal function.