fehérjeszintézisért

Fehérjeszintézis is the biological process by which cells assemble new proteins. This fundamental process is essential for virtually all life functions, as proteins are the workhorses of the cell, carrying out a vast array of tasks. The synthesis of proteins involves two main stages: transcription and translation.

Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and involves the creation of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule from a DNA template. The DNA sequence that codes for a specific protein is copied into a complementary mRNA strand. This mRNA then travels out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

Translation takes place in the cytoplasm on ribosomes. Here, the genetic code carried by the mRNA is read in three-nucleotide segments called codons. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, each carrying a specific amino acid and possessing an anticodon that matches a particular mRNA codon, bind to the mRNA. Ribosomes move along the mRNA, catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids brought by the tRNAs, thereby assembling a polypeptide chain. This polypeptide chain then folds into a specific three-dimensional structure to become a functional protein. The accuracy of this process is crucial, as errors can lead to non-functional or harmful proteins.