federações

A federação, in a political context, is a system of government where power is divided between a central or federal government and various regional or state governments. This division of powers is typically outlined in a constitution, which specifies the responsibilities of each level of government. Both the federal and regional governments have their own distinct areas of authority and operate independently within those spheres. Citizens are subject to the laws and governance of both the federal and their respective regional governments.

Key characteristics of a federal system include a written constitution that is difficult to amend, a bicameral legislature where one house often represents the regions, and a supreme court or similar body that can interpret the constitution and resolve disputes between the different levels of government. Examples of countries with federal systems include the United States, Canada, Germany, and Australia. The balance of power between the federal and regional governments can vary significantly from one federation to another. This structure aims to balance the need for a strong national government with the desire to maintain regional autonomy and diversity.