farmacokinetické

Farmakokinetické refers to the study of how a drug moves through the body over time. It encompasses four primary processes: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, often summarized by the acronym ADME. Absorption describes the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream from its site of administration, such as the mouth, skin, or injection site. Distribution is how the drug spreads throughout the body's tissues and fluids. Metabolism, primarily occurring in the liver, is the chemical transformation of the drug into different compounds, known as metabolites, which can be more or less active than the original drug. Finally, excretion is the elimination of the drug and its metabolites from the body, mainly through the kidneys in urine, but also via feces, breath, or sweat. Understanding these pharmacokinetic principles is crucial for determining appropriate drug dosages, dosing frequencies, and routes of administration to achieve the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse reactions. Factors such as age, genetics, disease states, and interactions with other drugs can significantly influence a drug's pharmacokinetic profile.