extramedulární

Extramedulární refers to something occurring or located outside of the medulla. In a medical context, this typically relates to the medulla of an organ, most commonly the adrenal glands or the bone marrow.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis, for instance, is the formation of blood cellular components outside of the bone marrow, which is the primary site of hematopoiesis in adults. This can occur in organs such as the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, or even the thymus. It is often a compensatory mechanism in conditions where the bone marrow's ability to produce blood cells is compromised, such as in certain anemias or myeloproliferative disorders.

Similarly, extramedullary tumors are tumors that arise outside of the medulla of an organ or structure. For example, extramedullary plasmacytoma is a tumor composed of plasma cells that occurs outside of the bone marrow, often in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, or skin. While related to conditions that can affect the bone marrow, these extramedullary sites are distinct. The term emphasizes the location of the pathological process relative to the medullary tissue.