extragalaktisch

Extragalaktisch is an adjective used in astronomy to describe objects, phenomena, or measurements that lie outside the Milky Way galaxy. In German, the term corresponds to the English extragalactic, and both are standard in scientific literature to mark the distant universe. The root is extra- meaning outside, combined with galaktisch (galactic).

The scope of extragalaktisch phenomena includes external galaxies beyond the Milky Way, such as the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) and numerous distant galaxies visible in deep surveys, as well as non-galactic extragalactic objects like quasars and active galactic nuclei, the diffuse light in galaxy clusters, and the extragalactic background light. Extragalaktisch astronomy studies these systems to understand galaxy formation, star formation histories, and the large-scale structure of the cosmos.

Measuring extragalactic distances relies on redshift and the expansion of the universe. Hubble's law relates recession velocity to distance for distant objects, while standard candles like Type Ia supernovae and Cepheid variables extend distance measurements beyond the Milky Way. The redshift of extragalactic sources provides insights into cosmology, including the rate of cosmic expansion and the role of dark energy.

Differences from related terms: Extragalaktisch refers to anything outside the Milky Way. Intragalactic describes processes within the Milky Way, whereas intergalaktisch concerns the space between galaxies, such as the intergalactic medium.

In brief, extragalaktisch is a central descriptor in astrophysics for the broader universe beyond our galaxy, guiding observation, measurement, and theory in extragalactic science.