exciteren

Exciteren is a Dutch verb meaning to excite or stimulate. In scientific and technical contexts, it describes the act of imparting energy to a system so that it occupies a higher energy state or starts a response.

In physics and chemistry, excitation refers to transitions to higher energy levels in atoms, ions, molecules, or solids. This can be achieved by absorption of photons or particles or by thermal energy. The excited state may relax by emitting light (fluorescence or phosphorescence) or by transferring energy to the surroundings.

In biology and neuroscience, excitation denotes activation of a cell or tissue, such as the depolarization of a neuron by excitatory synaptic input, which can lead to an action potential. Excitatory neurotransmitters, for example glutamate, increase the likelihood of firing.

In electrical engineering, excitation is the supply of electrical power to create a magnetic field in devices such as synchronous machines and transformers. The excitation system regulates field current to control voltage and machine performance.

In acoustics and mechanical systems, excitation refers to external forcing that drives vibration, such as a speaker producing sound or a mechanical shaker.

Overall, exciteren describes a broad concept of energy input used to initiate, sustain, or enhance a response in physical, chemical, biological, or engineering systems.