etkilere

Etkilere is Turkish and represents the dative plural form of the noun etki, which means effect or influence. It literally conveys “to the effects” or “to influences” and is used to mark the indirect object or target in sentences. In Turkish, the dative case is indicated by the suffix -e or -a, and when the noun is plural the suffix becomes -lere or -lara, depending on vowel harmony. Therefore etkilere denotes direction toward the effects or influences under discussion.

Common uses include expressions dealing with exposure, response, and interpretation of outcomes. Examples include etkilere maruz kalmak, meaning to be exposed to effects or influences; etkilere karşı koymak, meaning to resist the effects; and etkilere göre, meaning according to the effects or based on the outcomes. The form also appears in more complex constructions with modifiers, such as olumsuz etkilere karşı, meaning against negative effects. In discourse about science, policy, or risk, etkilere can connect with verbs and prepositions that require a dative object.

Notes for learners: etki is the base noun, giving etkilere its meaning as the plural dative form. It is used when referring to multiple effects or influences that are the object or target of an action or consideration. Etkilere is distinct from etkiler (the effects as a subject), etkileri (the effects in the accusative), and etkilerin (the effects in the genitive). Understanding Turkish case marking helps in parsing sentences where etkilere functions as the recipient of an action or as the object of a preposition.