ethanolamin

Ethano lamine is a simple organic compound that combines a hydroxyl group and an amine group on a two-carbon backbone, giving the common name ethanolamine. Its preferred IUPAC name is 2-aminoethanol, and it is also known as monoethanolamine (MEA). The chemical formula is C2H7NO, and its structure is HO-CH2-CH2-NH2. It is a colorless, viscous liquid with a strong ammonia-like odor and is highly miscible with water and many organic solvents.

Production and availability

Ethanolamine is primarily produced industrially by the reaction of ethylene oxide with ammonia, which yields monoethanolamine along with di- and triethanolamines; purification steps separate MEA for commercial use. It can also be produced as a mixture of ethanolamines in different proportions depending on process conditions. It is a widely stocked chemical used as a building block in various high-value products.

Uses and applications

As a versatile chemical intermediate, ethanolamine serves in the manufacture of surfactants, detergents, and personal care products, often as a precursor to ethoxylates and amine oxides. It is also employed in the synthesis of carbamates, herbicides, and polyurethanes, where it can act as a curing agent or chain extender. In industry, ethanolamine is used in gas treatment to remove acidic gases such as CO2 and H2S from natural gas and refinery streams.

Safety and handling

Ethanolamine is corrosive and can irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to form carbamates and should be handled with appropriate protective equipment. It is compatible with many materials but should be stored in a well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.