estreptomicina

Estreptomicina is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. It was discovered in 1943 by Albert Schatz, Elizabeth Bugie, and Selman Waksman, and it played a crucial role in the treatment of tuberculosis. Estreptomicina functions by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria, interfering with protein synthesis and ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. Its mechanism of action is primarily bactericidal.

This antibiotic is effective against a range of Gram-negative bacteria and some Gram-positive bacteria. Historically, its most significant application was in combination therapy for tuberculosis, often with other anti-tuberculosis drugs, to prevent the development of resistance. It is also used to treat other infections such as plague, tularemia, and brucellosis, though its use is often limited by its potential side effects.

Common side effects associated with estreptomicina include ototoxicity (damage to the auditory or vestibular system), leading to hearing loss or balance problems, and nephrotoxicity (kidney damage). Due to these potential toxicities, its use is carefully monitored, and it is typically administered by injection. The development of bacterial resistance to estreptomicina is also a concern, necessitating judicious use and often combination therapy.