eruptivos

Eruptivos is a term used in volcanology and geology to denote the products of volcanic eruptions that are erupted onto or near the surface. In Spanish-language literature, eruptivos (eruptive products) encompass both pyroclastic ejecta and solidified lava that emerges during an eruption. The concept is primarily contrasted with intrusive rocks, which crystallize below the surface and do not participate in the eruption sequence.

Eruptive products are commonly classified by mode of emplacement and texture. Pyroclastic materials, or tephra, are fragmented volcanic ejecta produced during explosive activity and include ash (<2 mm), lapilli (2–64 mm), and bombs or blocks (>64 mm). Consolidated tephra such as tuff, ignimbrite, and welded ash fall deposits record explosive episodes. Solidified lava eruptives include lava flows and lava domes that emerge during effusive phases and crystallize into extrusive rock types such as basalt, andesite, rhyolite, or obsidian, depending on composition and magma viscosity.

The study of eruptivos helps reconstruct eruption history, hazard potential, and tephrochronology. Eruptive styles range from effusive lava flows to explosive ash clouds, with the associated eruptive deposits shaping landscapes, stratigraphy, and volcanic hazard assessments.