erschienen

Erschienen is a German term used primarily as the past participle of the verb erscheinen, meaning “appeared” or “was published.” In everyday language it indicates that something became available to the public or came into view. The base verb erscheinen is formed from the prefix er- and scheinen, with scheinen meaning “to shine” or “to seem,” and the prefix adding a sense of completion or arrival.

In grammar, erschienen appears as the past participle of erscheinen and is used with the auxiliary ist to form the present perfect tense: Der Roman ist 1999 erschienen. The simple past is erschien. The participle can also appear in bibliographic or descriptive phrases to indicate publication moments and dates.

In bibliographic and library contexts, Erschienen is a label used to present the publication year of a work, for instance “Erschienen: 1999” or “Erschienen 1999.” It is common in German-language catalogs and references to mark when a work first entered the public domain.

Notes and related forms: The infinitive of the verb is erscheinen. The participle erschienen is distinct from other verbal forms and is primarily used in perfect tenses and metadata contexts. The term is part of standard German vocabulary for describing publication history and the appearance of media or events.