epikoinonia

Epikoinōnia (Greek: ἐπικοινωνία) is a term ordinarily translated as fellowship, communion, or participation. It is formed from epi- meaning “upon” or “with,” and koinōnia meaning “fellowship, sharing, or participation,” and in Koine Greek it carries the sense of being in a shared life, resource, or purpose with others.

In Christian usage, epikoinōnia refers to the experiential and structural relationship among believers and with God. It denotes more than social contact; it conveys participation in the life of the church—common worship, mutual aid, and the distribution of spiritual gifts and material provision. The concept is closely related to koinonia, but epikoinōnia often emphasizes active participation and communicative union—being in true “communication” with one another and with God.

Historically, the term appears in early Christian writings and New Testament vocabulary to describe believers’ shared life in Christ, as well as partnership in the gospel and mutual support within the community. In theological discussions it is used to express ecclesial belonging, mutual obligation, and the church’s mission, including how believers relate to each other and to God through communal practices and sacraments.

Outside Christian contexts, epikoinōnia in ancient Greek can mean general communication or association within a group, the sharing of information, or a social bond that links individuals within a network of relationships. In scholarly usage, the term remains central to discussions of community, fellowship, and participation in religious and social life.