eosinofiile

Eosinophile is the term used to describe a type of white blood cell, or granulocyte, that plays a crucial role in the immune system. Eosinophils are characterized by their bilobed nucleus and large, reddish-orange granules when stained with eosin dye. They are produced in the bone marrow and constitute about 1-4% of the circulating white blood cells in healthy individuals.

Eosinophils are primarily involved in the body's defense against parasitic infections, particularly those caused by helminths (worms). They contribute to the immune response by releasing toxic granules and inflammatory mediators that damage or kill the invading organisms. Additionally, eosinophils participate in inflammatory processes linked to allergic reactions and asthma. They can migrate to tissues such as the respiratory tract, skin, and gastrointestinal tract during allergic responses.

The level of eosinophils in the blood can serve as a diagnostic marker for various conditions. Elevated eosinophil counts, a condition known as eosinophilia, may indicate allergic diseases, parasitic infections, certain autoimmune disorders, or specific types of leukemia. Conversely, low eosinophil levels are generally not of clinical concern but can occur in conditions such as stress or corticosteroid use.

Eosinophils communicate with other immune cells through cytokines and chemokines, orchestrating broader immune responses. Their activity is tightly regulated to prevent excessive tissue damage while effectively combating infections. Misregulation of eosinophil activity can contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases and tissue damage, highlighting their importance in both protective immunity and pathology.