enerhiya

Enerhiya is a term used in the Philippines and other languages to refer to energy, the capacity to do work or produce heat. In physics, energy is a scalar quantity that can take many forms; the law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. The SI unit is the joule (J); in practical terms, electrical energy is often measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh).

Forms of energy include kinetic energy (motion), potential energy (position), thermal energy (heat), chemical energy (fuels, foods), electrical energy, radiant energy (light), nuclear energy, and elastic energy. Energy can be transformed, for example, a hydro turbine converts potential and kinetic energy of water into electrical energy.

Energy systems involve the production, transmission, distribution, and consumption of energy from various resources. These resources are broadly categorized as renewables (solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass) and nonrenewables (fossil fuels, nuclear). Storage technologies such as batteries and pumped-storage hydro help balance supply and demand. Energy efficiency and energy intensity measure how much energy is required to deliver a unit of economic output or service.

Policy and societal considerations include energy security, access, and affordability, as well as environmental impact. Global trends emphasize decarbonization, sustainable development, and the transition toward cleaner energy mixes to address climate change.

Etymology notes that enerhiya is the Filipino spelling of the word energy, derived from the English term energy via Latin and Greek roots. The concept encompasses both physical science and practical applications across industries and daily life.