endotoksini

Endotoxins are a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. They are lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and are released when the bacteria die and their cell walls break down. Endotoxins are not typically secreted by the bacteria but are part of the bacterial structure.

When endotoxins enter the bloodstream, they can trigger a strong immune response in the host. This response involves the release of various cytokines, which are signaling molecules that can lead to inflammation, fever, and in severe cases, septic shock. Septic shock is a life-threatening condition characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure and organ failure.

The presence of endotoxins is a significant factor in the pathogenicity of many Gram-negative bacteria, contributing to the severity of infections they cause. Medical procedures, especially those involving invasive devices or the administration of injectable drugs, must be carefully controlled to prevent endotoxin contamination, as even small amounts can cause adverse reactions. Sterilization and purification processes are crucial in medical and pharmaceutical industries to remove or inactivate endotoxins. Research continues to understand the precise mechanisms of endotoxin-induced inflammation and to develop strategies for its mitigation.