endoteliial

Endoteliial refers to the specialized cells that form the endothelium, which is the inner lining of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and the heart. These cells are a type of simple squamous epithelium, meaning they are flat and form a single layer. The endothelium plays a crucial role in regulating blood flow, preventing blood clots, and controlling the passage of substances between the blood and tissues. It acts as a dynamic interface, responding to various stimuli and releasing signaling molecules. For instance, endoteliial cells produce nitric oxide, a vasodilator that helps relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure. They also express adhesion molecules that can attract white blood cells to sites of inflammation. The integrity of the endoteliial layer is vital for overall cardiovascular health. Damage to these cells can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in arteries, and other vascular diseases.