endòcrins

Endocrins are a class of signaling molecules known as hormones. These chemical messengers are produced by endocrine glands and released directly into the bloodstream. They travel throughout the body, affecting specific target cells and organs by binding to receptors on their surfaces or within them. This binding initiates a cascade of events that regulate various physiological processes.

The endocrine system works in conjunction with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis, the stable internal environment of the body. While the nervous system uses rapid electrical signals, the endocrine system relies on slower, but more sustained chemical signals. This allows for the regulation of processes that occur over longer timescales, such as growth and development, metabolism, reproduction, and mood.

Key endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. Each gland secretes specific hormones with diverse functions. For example, insulin, produced by the pancreas, regulates blood sugar levels. Thyroid hormones control metabolism, while adrenaline, released by the adrenal glands, prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses. Disruptions in endocrine function can lead to various medical conditions, collectively known as endocrine disorders.