elektroüberspannung

Elektroüberspannung refers to a voltage surge or transient overvoltage that exceeds the normal operating voltage of an electrical system. These surges can be caused by various sources, both internal and external. Internal causes include the switching of inductive loads, such as motors or transformers, within the electrical network. External causes are primarily lightning strikes, which can induce massive overvoltages in power lines.

The effects of elektroüberspannung can range from minor disturbances to catastrophic failures. Sensitive electronic components, like those found in computers, telecommunications equipment, and industrial control systems, are particularly vulnerable. Even brief overvoltages can degrade insulation, cause component failure, or lead to data corruption. In severe cases, large surges can result in fires or complete destruction of electrical equipment.

To mitigate the risks associated with elektroüberspannung, protective measures are employed. Surge protective devices (SPDs) are commonly installed in electrical systems to divert excess voltage to the ground before it can reach sensitive equipment. These devices act as a safety valve, clamping the voltage to a safe level. Proper grounding of electrical systems is also crucial for effective surge protection. Additionally, lightning protection systems, including lightning rods and conductors, are used to protect buildings and infrastructure from direct lightning strikes. Understanding the causes and effects of elektroüberspannung is essential for designing and maintaining reliable and safe electrical installations.