ekstremalnymi

Ekstremalnymi is the instrumental plural form of the Polish adjective ekstremalny, meaning extreme or extremal. It is used to describe nouns in the instrumental case, typically to indicate that something is done with or under extreme conditions, circumstances, or methods. For example: z ekstremalnymi warunkami (with extreme conditions), pod ekstremalnymi warunkami (under extreme conditions), ekstremalnymi metodami (with extreme methods).

In Polish, adjectives such as ekstremalny decline across gender, number, and case. The instrumental plural form is ekstremalnymi, which applies to all genders in plural. The singular instrumental forms are ekstremalnym (masculine/neuter) and ekstremalną (feminine), with an adjective in the nominative singular of ekstremalny being ekstremalny, ekstremalne (neuter), and ekstremalna (feminine). The base adjective is related to the noun-extremum meaning skrajny or najbardziej skrajny.

Etymology: ekstremalny derives from the root ekstrem-, linked to the Latin extremus (skrajny) and strengthened by Polish productive suffix -alny, forming adjectives that describe characteristic belonging to the extreme.

Usage: the form ekstremalnymi appears mainly in formal, descriptive, or scientific writing to emphasize extremity when referring to multiple items or conditions in the instrumental case. It is not a separate term but a grammatical form employed in contexts such as research, reports, and analyses.

Related forms: ekstremalny (base form), ekstremalność (extremeness), ekstremalne (neuter or plural nominative), oraz inne odmiany przymiotnika ekstremalny w zależności od przypadku i liczby.