ekonomickým

Ekonomickým is a Czech adjective form that comes from the base adjective ekonomický, meaning economic. It is the instrumental singular masculine and neuter form, used when the noun it modifies is in the instrumental case. In practice, it appears in phrases such as s ekonomickým růstem (with economic growth) or ekonomickým způsobem (in an economic way).

Etymology and sense: The Czech adjective ekonomický derives from the noun ekonomika (economy) and ultimately from Latin and Greek roots for stewardship and law of households. In English, the corresponding word is economic. In Czech, ekonomický primarily denotes matters related to the economy or economy-wide phenomena; the sense of “economical” as thrifty is usually expressed by other terms such as úsporný or hospodárný.

Morphology and usage: Ekonomickým is the standard instrumental singular form used with masculine and neuter nouns. The feminine instrumental singular form is ekonomickou, as in ekonomickou politikou (with economic policy). The plural instrumental form is ekonomickými, used with masculine animate or inanimate nouns in plural contexts. Examples include: S ekonomickým růstem se zvyšuje zaměstnanost. Ekonomickým způsobem lze dosáhnout lepších výsledků. Ekonomickou politikou se reagovalo na rozpočtové dilema.

Context and nuance: Economical in the sense of thrift or cost-saving is not usually rendered by ekonomický in Czech; the more precise term is úsporný or hospodárný. Ekonomickým, like other inflected adjectives, adapts its ending to the gender, number, and case of the noun it modifies, enabling clear syntactic agreement in Czech syntax.