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Ecocide refers to the widespread destruction of the environment. While not a formally recognized international crime under current law, there have been significant efforts to establish it as such. The term is derived from the Greek word "oikos" meaning home and the Latin word "caedere" meaning to kill.

The concept of ecocide gained prominence in the late 20th century, particularly in discussions surrounding the Vietnam War and the extensive use of defoliants like Agent Orange. Advocates argue that extreme environmental damage, whether caused by deliberate action or negligence, can have devastating and long-lasting consequences for ecosystems and human populations.

Proposals to define ecocide as a crime against peace often include acts such as mass destruction of forests, pollution of water sources, and widespread damage to marine ecosystems. The aim is to hold individuals and states accountable for actions that cause severe, long-term, and widespread harm to the environment.

International legal scholars and activists continue to debate the precise definition and scope of ecocide, as well as the mechanisms for its prosecution. The potential inclusion of ecocide in international criminal law is seen by many as a crucial step in protecting the planet and ensuring a sustainable future.