earthsoil

Earthsoil is the natural medium that supports terrestrial ecosystems on Earth. It consists of mineral particles, organic matter, living organisms, air, and water. The term Earthsoil is sometimes used in scientific and educational contexts to emphasize the global role of this layer in habitability and biogeochemical cycles.

Soil forms through weathering of parent rock and the influence of climate, organisms, topography, and time (the CLORPT factors). Over time, distinct layers, or horizons, develop, including an organic-rich surface layer (O), a mineral top layer (A), possibly an eluviated layer (E), a subsoil horizon (B), and, where present, a parent material layer (C). The resulting properties—texture, structure, porosity, pH, and nutrient content—govern plant growth and microbial activity.

Soil texture (sand, silt, and clay) affects drainage and fertility; organic matter improves structure and nutrient storage; pH influences nutrient availability. Soils are classified in taxonomy systems that include orders such as Mollisols, Alfisols, and Oxisols, among others, reflecting differences in climate and biology.

Earthsoil supports agriculture, forest systems, and urban green spaces; it regulates water infiltration and storage, filters contaminants, and stores carbon. The biotic community—bacteria, fungi, earthworms—drives nutrient cycling and soil formation processes.

Challenges include erosion, desertification, salinization, pollution, and compaction, which threaten soil health. Sustainable practices such as conservation tillage, cover crops, crop rotation, organic amendments, and proper drainage help maintain productivity and ecosystem services.