earplugs

Earplugs are small devices inserted into the ear canal to reduce the intensity of sounds reaching the eardrum or to seal the ear against water. They are used to protect hearing in loud environments, to aid sleep in noisy surroundings, and to prevent water ingress during swimming or bathing.

Common types include disposable foam plugs, reusable silicone plugs, wax plugs, and custom-made plugs formed from ear impressions by an audiologist. Some plugs are designed for musicians or sleepers and may incorporate acoustic filters that lower volume while preserving sound quality. Materials range from soft foam to silicone elastomer and wax.

Fit and use are important for effectiveness and comfort. Insertion should be clean and gentle, following product instructions; a poor seal reduces protection and can cause discomfort. Foam plugs are usually single-use, while silicone and custom plugs are reusable after cleaning with mild soap and water and allowing them to dry. Store plugs in a clean case to limit contamination.

Effectiveness is described by manufacturer-provided noise reduction ratings, but real-world attenuation depends on proper fit and activity. Risks include earwax impaction, skin irritation or allergies to materials, and infection if plugs are shared or not cleaned. People with ear problems should consult a healthcare professional, and avoid using earplugs during active ear infections or when there is a perforated eardrum.