eIF2S3

EIF2S3, also known as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit gamma, is a protein encoded by the EIF2S3 gene. It is a component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) complex, which plays a crucial role in the initiation of protein synthesis. The eIF2 complex is a heterotrimer consisting of three subunits: alpha (eIF2A), beta (eIF2B), and gamma (eIF2S3). This complex binds to the initiator tRNA carrying methionine and facilitates its loading onto the 40S ribosomal subunit to form the 43S preinitiation complex. This process is a rate-limiting step in translation and is tightly regulated.

The EIF2S3 gene is conserved across many eukaryotic species, highlighting its fundamental importance in cellular function. While its primary role is in translation initiation, research has also implicated EIF2S3 in other cellular processes, including stress response and cell cycle regulation. Dysregulation or mutations in EIF2S3 have been linked to certain human diseases, although the exact mechanisms are still under investigation. Understanding the function and regulation of EIF2S3 is vital for comprehending the intricacies of protein synthesis and its impact on cellular health and disease.