dönütürenler
Dönütürenler refers to a group of tunnel systems and underground spaces created by the inhabitants of Karsa, a city in western Turkey, prior to 1923. The word "dönütürenler" itself means "those who turn inward" in Turkish.
The dönütürenler were a result of Turkish people being forced to migrate from eastern Thrace, Anatolia, and
The dönütürenler systems included various types of tunnel networks that served different purposes, including habitation, cultural
Today, these historical tunnel networks are well-preserved in Turkey's countryside and rural areas, with some examples