dóziselfordulások

Dóziselfordulások, a term in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology, refers to the phenomenon where the observed pharmacological effect of a drug does not directly correlate with its administered dose in a linear fashion. This means that doubling the dose might not necessarily double the effect, or that a small increase in dose could lead to a disproportionately larger or smaller effect than anticipated.

Several factors contribute to dose deviations. These can include inter-individual variability in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). For example, differences in enzyme activity or transporter function can alter how much drug reaches its target site or how quickly it is eliminated from the body. Additionally, drug interactions with other substances can influence these processes.

Non-linear pharmacokinetics, where the ADME processes become saturated at higher doses, is a common cause of dose deviations. This can lead to a rapid increase in plasma concentration and effect beyond a certain threshold. Conversely, pharmacodynamic factors, such as receptor desensitization or upregulation, can also lead to dose deviations over time, altering the body's response to a given drug concentration.

Understanding dose deviations is crucial for effective and safe drug therapy. It necessitates careful dose titration, monitoring of patient response, and consideration of individual patient characteristics and potential interactions. This phenomenon highlights the complexity of drug action and the importance of personalized medicine approaches.