durbatulûk

Durbatulûk is a term originating from the fictional world of Middle-earth, created by J.R.R. Tolkien. It refers to a specific type of orc or goblin military formation. The word itself is derived from the Black Speech, the language of Mordor, and is composed of two elements: "durbat" meaning "fighting" and "ulûk" meaning "great host" or "army." Thus, durbatulûk translates directly to "fighting host" or "war-band."

These formations were not simply disorganized mobs of orcs. Instead, a durbatulûk represented a more organized and substantial military unit, capable of undertaking coordinated assaults and sustained campaigns. They were typically led by more powerful orc chieftains and could include a variety of orc types, such as Uruks or smaller goblins, depending on the needs of the campaign. The concept of durbatulûk highlights the growing military sophistication of Sauron's forces in the later Ages of Middle-earth, moving beyond mere raiding parties to more structured armies. Evidence of durbatulûk can be inferred from descriptions of orc armies in Tolkien's works, particularly in relation to major battles like Helm's Deep and the Battle of the Morannon.