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A double-blind study is a type of clinical trial in which neither the participants nor the researchers interacting with them know which treatment is being administered. This method is considered the gold standard for reducing bias in research. Participants are typically assigned to either an active treatment group or a placebo group. The identity of the treatment is concealed from both the individuals receiving the intervention and the individuals administering or assessing the outcomes. This prevents expectations of either party from influencing the results.

The blinding is usually maintained until the study is completed and the data is analyzed. This is achieved through various means, such as using identical-looking placebos for the active treatment or using coded medication. By removing the knowledge of who is receiving which treatment, double-blind studies aim to ensure that any observed differences in outcomes are truly attributable to the treatment itself, rather than to psychological effects or observer bias. This design is crucial for establishing the efficacy and safety of new drugs, medical devices, and other interventions.