dogbanes

Dogbane refers to plants in the genus Apocynum, which are perennial herbs native to North America and Eurasia. The most common species is Apocynum cannabinum, also known as Indian hemp or American hemp, though it is not related to the cannabis plant. These plants are characterized by their milky sap, which contains toxic compounds, including cardiac glycosides.

Dogbane species typically grow to a height of one to two meters and have opposite, ovate leaves. They produce clusters of small, bell-shaped flowers that are usually white or pink. The flowers attract pollinators like bees and butterflies. The plant produces long, slender seed pods.

Historically, Apocynum cannabinum was used by Native Americans for medicinal purposes, as well as for its strong fibers, which were used to make rope and fabric. However, due to the presence of toxic glycosides, ingestion of dogbane can cause serious health issues in humans and livestock, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and heart irregularities. Therefore, it is generally not recommended for any internal use. The toxic nature of the plant is reflected in its common name, "dogbane," suggesting it is harmful to dogs.