dissonância

Dissonance is a term used in music and psychology to describe the quality of two or more tones that sound unpleasant or out of harmony when played together. It is the opposite of consonance, which refers to harmonious or pleasing sounds. In music, dissonance is often used to create tension and interest, and is typically resolved into a consonant chord or note. For example, in a major chord, the third and the fifth are dissonant with the root, but the chord as a whole is consonant. In psychology, dissonance refers to the mental discomfort experienced when two or more ideas, beliefs, or values are in conflict. This concept was introduced by Leon Festinger in his 1957 book "A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance." Festinger proposed that people seek to reduce this discomfort by changing their attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors to restore consistency. Dissonance can also occur in visual arts, where it refers to the use of contrasting colors, shapes, or forms to create tension and interest. In all these contexts, dissonance serves to challenge and engage the senses and the mind.