diskontované

Diskontované refers to a concept used in finance and economics, primarily related to the present value of future cash flows. The core idea is that money received in the future is worth less than money received today. This is due to factors such as inflation, opportunity cost (the potential to earn returns on money held today), and risk. Therefore, future sums of money are "discounted" back to their present value using a discount rate.

The discount rate reflects the perceived risk and time value of money. A higher discount rate implies a greater preference for current money or higher perceived risk of future payments, resulting in a lower present value. Conversely, a lower discount rate suggests a lower preference for current money or lower perceived risk, leading to a higher present value.

This discounting process is fundamental to various financial analyses, including investment appraisal, valuation of assets like stocks and bonds, and capital budgeting. For example, when evaluating a project, the expected future revenues are discounted to their present value to compare them against the initial investment cost. Similarly, the price of a bond is determined by the present value of its future coupon payments and principal repayment, discounted at the market interest rate. The term "diskontované" therefore signifies the act of reducing the value of future monetary amounts to their equivalent worth today.