directfire

Direct fire is a method of engaging a target with a weapon by aiming along a direct line of sight, so the projectile travels directly to the target with a relatively short flight time and minimal ballistic trajectory.

In direct-fire engagements, visibility and line of sight are essential. Aiming involves estimating range, wind, target movement, and using sights or fire-control systems to align weapon bore with the target. Modern platforms may employ laser rangefinders, ballistic computers, stabilized mounts, and target designation from observers or unmanned systems.

Weapons and platforms employing direct fire include small arms, machine guns, and anti-tank guns that engage targets at relatively short ranges; armored fighting vehicles such as tanks that fire direct-fire cannon ammunition; and anti-tank guided missiles that can be employed against visible targets in direct line of fire.

Direct fire is limited by the target's visibility and the weapon's effective range. Conditions such as smoke, rain, or concealment reduce effectiveness, and engagement requires accurate range estimation and aiming. Vehicles and infantry coordinate to bring targets within secure line of sight, sometimes using suppressive fire to fix a target.

Indirect fire complements direct fire by engaging targets not in direct line of sight through ballistic trajectories or guided munitions. Many systems can switch between direct and indirect modes depending on target characteristics and battlefield conditions.