dihüdrogeenfosfaat

Dihydrogen phosphate, also known as monohydrogen phosphate or the dihydrogen phosphate ion, is an anion with the chemical formula PO2(OH)2−. It is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid and the conjugate acid of the hydrogen phosphate ion. In aqueous solutions, it exists in equilibrium with phosphoric acid and other phosphate species depending on the pH.

The dihydrogen phosphate ion is an important component of biological systems, playing a crucial role in buffering biological fluids and in the structure of DNA and RNA. It is also a key component of ATP, the primary energy currency of cells. In biochemistry, the dihydrogen phosphate ion is often represented as H2PO4−, reflecting its acidic nature.

In inorganic chemistry, dihydrogen phosphate refers to salts containing the dihydrogen phosphate anion, such as sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) or potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4). These salts are often used as buffering agents in various chemical and biological applications, including in food processing and laboratory experiments. The solubility and properties of these salts vary depending on the cation.

The dihydrogen phosphate ion is a tetrahedral species with a central phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. Two of these oxygen atoms are bonded to hydrogen atoms, forming hydroxyl groups, while the other two are double-bonded to the phosphorus atom. This structure contributes to its ability to participate in hydrogen bonding and its role in various chemical reactions and biological processes.