difrakné

Difrakce, often referred to as diffraction, is a phenomenon that occurs when a wave encounters an obstacle or opening. This wave bending or spreading around the edges of the obstacle is known as diffraction. It is a fundamental characteristic of all types of waves, including light, sound, and water waves.

The extent of diffraction depends on the size of the obstacle or opening relative to the wavelength of the wave. When the opening or obstacle is comparable in size to the wavelength, diffraction effects are most pronounced. If the opening is much larger than the wavelength, the wave will pass through with minimal spreading. Conversely, if the opening is much smaller than the wavelength, the wave may not be able to pass through at all.

Diffraction plays a crucial role in various optical phenomena. For instance, it explains why we can see around corners to some extent, as sound waves diffract around obstacles. In optics, diffraction limits the resolution of telescopes and microscopes, as light waves diffract when passing through lenses or apertures. The study of diffraction patterns, which are formed when waves interfere after passing through slits or around objects, provides valuable information about the wavelength of the wave and the dimensions of the diffracting elements. This principle is utilized in technologies like diffraction gratings, which are used to separate light into its constituent wavelengths, forming a spectrum.