diatrizoic

Diatrizoic refers to diatrizoic acid and its water-soluble salts, notably meglumine diatrizoate and sodium diatrizoate, which are iodinated radiopaque contrast agents used in medical imaging. These compounds are employed to enhance contrast in radiography, CT, and angiography, aiding visualization of the vascular system, urinary tract, and gastrointestinal tract.

The agent works by delivering a high density of iodine atoms to the target region, increasing X-ray attenuation and producing clear, high-contrast images of soft tissues and luminal structures. The diatrizoate salts are typically administered by injection for vascular or organ imaging, while formulations such as those containing both meglumine and sodium diatrizoate have been used for oral or rectal imaging in GI studies.

Common clinical applications include contrast-enhanced CT, angiography, urography, and GI tract imaging. The pharmacokinetic profile is dominated by extracellular distribution and renal excretion; clearance is slower in patients with impaired kidney function, and the high osmolarity of some formulations can cause fluid shifts.

Safety considerations are important. Contraindications include hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast media and substantial renal impairment or dehydration. Caution is advised in patients with hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxic states due to iodine load, and use in pregnancy should be limited to cases where benefits justify potential risks. Potential adverse effects range from mild reactions such as nausea, vomiting, warmth, and rash to more serious hypersensitivity reactions. Extravasation at the injection site can cause local tissue irritation, and contrast-induced nephropathy is a concern in at-risk patients. Adequate hydration and careful patient selection are essential.

See also: Iodinated contrast agents, Gastrografin, Renografin.