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Diaphragm pumps, also known as membrane pumps, are a type of positive displacement pump that use a flexible diaphragm to move fluid. The diaphragm is actuated by a reciprocating mechanism, such as a crank or a solenoid, which creates a pumping chamber. As the diaphragm moves outwards, it creates a vacuum, drawing fluid into the chamber through an inlet valve. When the diaphragm moves inwards, it expels the fluid through an outlet valve. This cycle of filling and emptying allows for continuous fluid transfer.

Diaphragm pumps are often used for handling liquids that are corrosive, abrasive, or sensitive. Their design ensures that the fluid only comes into contact with the diaphragm and the pump housing, minimizing the risk of contamination or damage to the fluid. They can also handle solids suspended in liquids. Common applications include chemical processing, water treatment, pharmaceuticals, and food and beverage industries.

There are several types of diaphragm pumps, including mechanically actuated, hydraulically actuated, and air-operated double-diaphragm (AODD) pumps. AODD pumps are particularly versatile, using compressed air to move two diaphragms simultaneously, which allows for a continuous flow and self-priming capabilities. The materials used for the diaphragm and pump housing can be selected to be compatible with the specific fluid being pumped.