derDNAReplikation
DerDNAReplikation is the process by which a cell copies its genome prior to division. It is semi-conservative, meaning each daughter molecule inherits one strand from the parent and one newly synthesized strand. In bacteria, replication starts at a single origin and proceeds bidirectionally; in eukaryotes, replication begins at multiple origins along linear chromosomes, proceeding to replicate the entire genome during S phase.
Initiation involves origin recognition and helicase loading. Helicases unwind the double helix, creating a replication fork;
Primase lays RNA primers; DNA polymerases extend from primers in the 5' to 3' direction. The leading
Proofreading by DNA polymerases minimizes errors; mismatch repair corrects remaining mistakes. RNA primers are removed and
Replication is tightly regulated to occur once per cell cycle and to finish before cell division. Licensing