demüelinizatsiooni

Demüelinizatsiooni refers to the loss of myelin, a fatty insulating sheath that surrounds nerve fibers (axons) in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Myelin is crucial for the rapid and efficient transmission of electrical impulses along these nerves. When myelin is damaged or destroyed, nerve signals can be slowed down, distorted, or completely blocked, leading to a variety of neurological symptoms.

This process can be caused by several factors. Autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), are a common cause, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys myelin. Infections, certain toxins, metabolic disorders, and nutritional deficiencies can also contribute to demyelination. Ischemic events, where blood flow to a nerve is reduced, can also damage myelin.

The symptoms of demyelination vary widely depending on which nerves are affected and the extent of the damage. They can include sensory disturbances like numbness or tingling, motor problems such as weakness or paralysis, coordination difficulties, vision problems, and cognitive impairments. In some cases, demyelination can be a temporary condition, and the myelin sheath may regenerate, allowing for recovery of nerve function. However, in chronic conditions like MS, demyelination can be progressive and lead to permanent disability. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the lesions, and sometimes nerve conduction studies or blood tests to identify underlying causes. Treatment strategies aim to manage the underlying cause, reduce inflammation, and support nerve function and recovery.