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Democracy, a form of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives. It is characterized by the principles of majority rule, individual rights, and the protection of minority rights. The term "democracy" is derived from the Greek words "demos," meaning "people," and "kratos," meaning "rule."

Democracy can be classified into two main types: direct democracy and representative democracy. In direct democracy, citizens participate directly in decision-making processes, such as voting on policy initiatives or amendments. This form is often seen in small communities or specific issues. Representative democracy, on the other hand, involves elected officials who represent the people and make decisions on their behalf. This is the most common form of democracy in modern societies.

Key features of democracy include:

- Free and fair elections

- Protection of individual rights and freedoms

- Rule of law, where laws apply equally to all citizens

- Pluralism, allowing for the existence of multiple political parties and viewpoints

- Accountability of government to the people

Democracy is not without its challenges. Issues such as voter turnout, the influence of money in politics, and the potential for majority rule to oppress minorities are ongoing concerns. However, proponents argue that democracy fosters political stability, economic growth, and social cohesion.

The concept of democracy has evolved over time, with ancient Greek city-states like Athens being among the earliest examples. Modern democracies, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, have further refined and expanded the principles of democracy. Despite its imperfections, democracy remains a widely admired and sought-after form of governance.