demesnes

A demesne is a concept in feudalism referring to the land directly held and managed by a lord for his own use and support, as opposed to land granted to vassals or tenants. This land was typically worked by serfs or other unfree laborers who owed various forms of service to the lord. The demesne was the economic heart of a feudal estate, providing the lord with food, resources, and income. It was distinct from the manorial lands, which encompassed the entire estate, including the demesne, peasant holdings, and common lands. The size and importance of the demesne varied greatly depending on the lord's status, the fertility of the land, and the local economic conditions. In some cases, the demesne might be a significant portion of the manor, while in others, it could be relatively small. The lord's ability to control and exploit his demesne was a crucial element of his power and wealth within the feudal system.