delusione

Delusione is an Italian noun that can refer to two related but distinct concepts in everyday language and in psychiatry. In general use, it denotes disappointment or disillusionment caused by unmet expectations, failed plans, or unmet promises. The adjective is deluso, and the plural is delusioni, used when referring to multiple instances of disappointment.

In a clinical context, delusione translates to delusion, a fixed, false belief held with strong conviction despite clear evidence to the contrary. Delusions are a hallmark of several mental disorders, most notably schizophrenia spectrum disorders and psychotic mood disorders. They can take various forms, including persecutory delusions, grandiose delusions, somatic delusions, and referential delusions, among others. Delusions are characterized by conviction, preoccupation, and resistance to counterevidence and are distinguished from ordinary mistakes or misinterpretations.

Etymology traces delusione to Latin delusio, from deludere “to deceive, to mock,” combining de- and ludere “to play.” The word entered Italian with this sense of deception and later developed the everyday and clinical meanings.

Diagnosis and treatment: In clinical settings, delusion is assessed through psychiatric evaluation to distinguish it from nonpathological beliefs and other symptoms. Treatment targets the underlying condition and may include antipsychotic medications, as well as psychotherapy such as cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis and psychosocial support. Effective care depends on accurate diagnosis and a comprehensive approach.

See also: Delusion; Disappointment; Schizophrenia; Psychosis.