cywilna

Cywilna is the feminine singular form of the Polish adjective cywilny, meaning civil or civilian. It describes things related to civilians, civilian life, or non-military aspects. The term appears in a range of contexts, including obrona cywilna (civil defense), służba cywilna (civil service), prawo cywilne (civil law), wojna cywilna (civil war), and stan cywilny (civil status).

Etymology and sense: cywilny derives from the Latin civilis and entered Polish through historical language contact, acquiring a meaning associated with citizens, private life, and non-m military spheres. In Polish, cywilna is used whenever the noun it accompanies is feminine.

Usage and examples: As an adjective, cywilna agrees with feminine nouns. For example, wojna cywilna describes a civil war, służba cywilna describes civilian service, and obrona cywilna refers to civil defense. The term contrasts with wojenny (military) and is common in legal, administrative, and historical language. In expressions like stan cywilny, cywilna forms part of a fixed collocation indicating personal marital or civil status.

See also: civil, civilian, civil service, civil defense, civil law, civil society.

Notes: cywilna is not typically used as a standalone noun; it functions as an inflected adjective that describes a feminine noun. Its meaning hinges on the contrast between civilian and military or official sectors within Polish usage.