cysteinyylleukotriënen

Cysteinyylleukotriënen are a group of lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid. They play a significant role in inflammatory responses, particularly in the context of allergic reactions and asthma. The synthesis of cysteinyylleukotriënen involves a specific enzyme, leukotriene C4 synthase, which converts leukotriene A4 into leukotriene C4. Subsequently, leukotriene C4 is metabolized into leukotriene D4 and leukotriene E4. These molecules exert their effects by binding to specific receptors on target cells, primarily smooth muscle cells, eosinophils, and mast cells.

In the respiratory system, cysteinyylleukotriënen cause bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability, and mucus hypersecretion, contributing to the symptoms of asthma such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. They also attract inflammatory cells like eosinophils to the airways, further perpetuating the inflammatory process. Beyond asthma, cysteinyylleukotriënen are implicated in other inflammatory conditions, including allergic rhinitis and inflammatory bowel disease.

The understanding of cysteinyylleukotriënen has led to the development of therapeutic agents known as cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs). These drugs block the action of cysteinyylleukotriënen at their receptors, thereby mitigating their inflammatory effects. LTRAs are commonly prescribed as maintenance therapy for asthma and allergic rhinitis, helping to reduce exacerbations and improve symptom control.